GRAM STAINING

INTRODUCTION:
Gram staining is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups: gram positive and gram negative.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Differentiate yogurt bacteria (Streptococcus and Lactobacillus)
2. Relate the staining procedure with the structure of the cells.

MATERIAL:
- Slide
- Tongs
- Cover slip
- Needle
- Gram stain: crystal violet, iodine and safranin
- Decolorize reagenti: ethanol 96%
- Yogurt
- Microscope

PROCEDURE:
1. Fix a piece of yogurt
2. Add crystal violet during 1 minute and 30 seconds
3. Add water
4. Add Lugol during 1 minute
5. Add water
6. Add ethanol
7. Add safranin during 1 minute
8. Add water 

MITOSIS IN AN ONION ROOT

INTRODUCTION:
In this experiment we will see the parts of the mitosi in a onion root.

Parts of the mitosi

MATERIAL:
-Distilled water
-Orceine A and B
-Water
-Onion
- Microscope
- Slide
- Coverslip
-Dropper
-Needles emmanegades
- Watch glass
- Beaker
- Thin tongs
- lighter
- Cellulose paper


PROCEDURE:
1。Put the onion in a beaker with water for a week， because the roots need touch the water

2。When the roots grow up 3cm, cut the final 4 mm and put this in the watch glass with orceine A. 

3。Then, you need to put in  the heater with the flame of the lighter until you see vapor

4。 With the tongs take the piece of the root and put in a slide and put the orceine B with the dropper. 

5。 Put the coverslip and with a piece of cellulose paper you need to push and turn in the coverslide to extend de cells. 

6。Observe with the microscope with 600 increases and you will see the parts of the mitosi. 

NANO ENCAPSULATION

MATERIALS:
-Sodium chloride
-Sodium alginate
-Coca-Cola
-Beaker
-Pipet
-Strainer

PROCEDURE:
- We mix the sodium chloride with the sodium alginate, this contain coca-cola.
- Then you will see a gelatinous form that precipitated and you will have the pill.
- And you must take the strainer and the coca-cola inside.















APLICATIONS OF NANOENCAPSULATION:
1. The first aplication is with the food industry: incorporation food ingredients, enzymes, cells or other materials in small devices.


2. In the second aplication we see the development of new materials,  including biomaterials and biocomposites for food, pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical.

3. And the last you can see the development of new micro and nanoencapsulation systems for the protection of various bioactive ingredients.